Prevalence and C-shaped root canal configuration in lower molars in the metropolitan region, Chile.
Abstract
Objetive: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, demographics, and root configuration of C-shaped canals of mandibular molars by means of cone beam computed tomography in the population of the Metropolitan Region, Chile.
Material and Methods: 912 molars (456 first and 456 second molars) resulting from the analysis of 228 mandibular CT scans were evaluated. The root configuration was established by means of a panoramic reconstruction and axial tomographic sections, classifying the presence and type of canals through the analysis of five sections or cuts along the root. Data were statistically analyzed using a 5% confidence interval.
Results: Of the 912 molars analyzed, 70 were classified as C-shaped canals (7.68%), corresponding to 58.33% of those molars that presented fused roots. 95.7% of this root canal configuration was observed in lower second molars, occurring more frequently in females (n=45, 64.29%). 45.65% of the cases that presented C-shaped canals were bilateral and the most frequent configuration was C3 (n=401, 66.63%) according to the Melton classification.
Conclusion: The C-shaped canals of the mandibular molars in the studied population were observed mainly in second molars, showing a clear prevalence among females and a high percentage of bilaterality. The presence of fused roots significantly increases the possibility of finding this type of root configuration.
References
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[26]. Sönmez Kaplan S, Kaplan T, Sezgin GP. Evaluation of C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars of a selected patient group using cone beam computed tomography: prevalence, configuration and radicular groove types. Odontology. 2021.109(4):949-955. doi: 10.1007/s10266-021-00616-1. PMID: 34081247.
[2]. Martins JNR, Marques D, Silva EJNL, Caramês J, Mata A, Versiani MA. Prevalence of C-shaped canal morphology using cone beam computed tomography - a systematic review with meta-analysis. Int Endod J. 2019;52(11):1556-1572. doi: 10.1111/iej.13169. Epub 2019 Jul 11. PMID: 31215045.
[3]. Zhao Y, Fan W, Xu T, Tay FR, Gutmann JL, Fan B. Evaluation of several instrumentation techniques and irrigation methods on the percentage of untouched canal wall and accumulated dentine debris in C-shaped canals. Int Endod J. 2019;52(9):1354-1365. doi: 10.1111/iej.13119. Epub 2019 Apr 5. PMID: 30897222.
[4]. Seo DG, Gu Y, Yi YA, Lee SJ, Jeong JS, Lee Y, Chang SW, Lee JK, Park W, Kim KD, Kum KY. A biometric study of C-shaped root canal systems in mandibular second molars using cone-beam computed tomography. Int Endod J. 2012;45(9):807-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02037.x. PMID: 22432971.
[5]. Boutsioukis C. Internal tooth anatomy and root canal irrigation. En: The Root Canal Anatomy in Permanent Dentition. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2019.
[6]. Melton DC, Krell KV, Fuller MW. Anatomical and histological features of C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars. J Endod. 1991;17(8):384-8. doi: 10.1016/S0099-2399(06)81990-4. PMID: 1809802.
[7]. Fan B, Cheung GS, Fan M, Gutmann JL, Bian Z. C-shaped canal system in mandibular second molars: Part I--Anatomical features. J Endod. 2004;30(12):899-903. doi: 10.1097/01.don.0000136207.12204.e4. PMID: 15564874.
[8]. Leonardi Dutra K, Haas L, Porporatti AL, Flores-Mir C, Nascimento Santos J, Mezzomo LA, Corrêa M, De Luca Canto G. Diagnostic Accuracy of Cone-beam Computed Tomography and Conventional Radiography on Apical Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Endod. 2016;42(3):356-64. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.12.015. PMID: 26902914.
[9]. Ladeira DB, Cruz AD, Freitas DQ, Almeida SM. Prevalence of C-shaped root canal in a Brazilian subpopulation: a cone-beam computed tomography analysis. Braz Oral Res. 2014;28:39-45. doi: 10.1590/s1806-83242013005000027. PMID: 25000603.
[10]. Chogle S, Zuaitar M, Sarkis R, Saadoun M, Mecham A, Zhao Y. The Recommendation of Cone-beam Computed Tomography and Its Effect on Endodontic Diagnosis and Treatment Planning. J Endod. 2020;46(2):162-168. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.10.034. Epub 2019 Dec 11. PMID: 31837812.
[11]. von Zuben M, Martins JNR, Berti L, Cassim I, Flynn D, Gonzalez JA, Gu Y, Kottoor J, Monroe A, Rosas Aguilar R, Marques MS, Ginjeira A. Worldwide Prevalence of Mandibular Second Molar C-Shaped Morphologies Evaluated by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. J Endod. 2017;43(9):1442-1447. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.04.016. PMID: 28734652.
[12]. Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas. Síntesis De Resultados Censo. INE. 2017. Available at: https://www.censo2017.cl/descargas/home/sintesis-de-resultados-censo2017.pdf
[13]. Tassoker M, Sener S. Analysis of the root canal configuration and C-shaped canal frequency of mandibular second molars: a cone beam computed tomography study. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2018;77(4):752-757. doi: 10.5603/FM.a2018.0040. PMID: 29802711.
[14]. Nejaim Y, Gomes AF, Rosado LPL, Freitas DQ, Martins JNR, da Silva EJNL. C-shaped canals in mandibular molars of a Brazilian subpopulation: prevalence and root canal configuration using cone-beam computed tomography. Clin Oral Investig. 2020;24(9):3299-3305. doi: 10.1007/s00784-020-03207-6. PMID: 31965283.
[15]. Abarca J, Duran M, Parra D, Steinfort K, Zaror C, Monardes H. Root morphology of mandibular molars: a cone-beam computed tomography study. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2020;79(2):327-332. doi: 10.5603/FM.a2019.0084. PMID: 31322722.
[16]. Torres A, Jacobs R, Lambrechts P, Brizuela C, Cabrera C, Concha G, Pedemonte ME. Characterization of mandibular molar root and canal morphology using cone beam computed tomography and its variability in Belgian and Chilean population samples. Imaging Sci Dent. 2015;45(2):95-101. doi: 10.5624/isd.2015.45.2.95. PMID: 26125004; PMCID: PMC4483626.
[17]. Peña-Bengoa F, Ibañez C, Erices P, Meléndez P, Cáceres C. Prevalence and configuration of C-shaped canals in lower molars from a Chilean subpopulation. Braz Dent Sci. 2021; 24(4).
[18]. Mashyakhy MH, Chourasia HR, Jabali AH, Bajawi HA, Jamal H, Testarelli L, Gambarini G. C-shaped canal configuration in mandibular premolars and molars: Prevalence, correlation, and differences: An In Vivo study using cone-beam computed tomography. Niger J Clin Pract. 2020;23(2):232-239. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_335_19. PMID: 32031099.
[19]. Shemesh A, Levin A, Katzenell V, Itzhak JB, Levinson O, Avraham Z, Solomonov M. C-shaped canals-prevalence and root canal configuration by cone beam computed tomography evaluation in first and second mandibular molars-a cross-sectional study. Clin Oral Investig. 2017;21(6):2039-2044. doi: 10.1007/s00784-016-1993-y. PMID: 27844150.
[20]. Martins JNR, Mata A, Marques D, Caramês J. Prevalence of C-shaped mandibular molars in the Portuguese population evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography. Eur J Dent. 2016;10(4):529-535. doi: 10.4103/1305-7456.195175. PMID: 28042270; PMCID: PMC5166311.
[21]. Solomonov M, Kim HC, Hadad A, Levy DH, Ben Itzhak J, Levinson O, Azizi H. Age-dependent root canal instrumentation techniques: a comprehensive narrative review. Restor Dent Endod. 2020;45(2):e21. doi: 10.5395/rde.2020.45.e21. PMID: 32483538; PMCID: PMC7239687.
[22]. Kassebaum NJ, Bernabé E, Dahiya M, Bhandari B, Murray CJ, Marcenes W. Global Burden of Severe Tooth Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Dent Res. 2014;93(7 Suppl):20S-28S. doi: 10.1177/0022034514537828. PMID: 24947899; PMCID: PMC4293725
[23]. Alfawaz H, Alqedairi A, Alkhayyal AK, Almobarak AA, Alhusain MF, Martins JNR. Prevalence of C-shaped canal system in mandibular first and second molars in a Saudi population assessed via cone beam computed tomography: a retrospective study. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;23(1):107-112. doi: 10.1007/s00784-018-2415-0. PMID: 29536188.
[24]. Vega-Lizama EM, Morales-Ortega EA, Ramírez-Salomón M, Cucina A. Bilaterality and symmetry of C-shaped mandibular second molars in a Mexican Maya and non-Maya population: A CBCT in vivo study. Int J Morphol. 2021; 39(2):455–62.
[25]. Zheng Q, Zhang L, Zhou X, Wang Q, Wang Y, Tang L, Song F, Huang D. C-shaped root canal system in mandibular second molars in a Chinese population evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography. Int Endod J. 2011;44(9):857-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01896.x. Epub 2011 May 21. PMID: 21599707.
[26]. Sönmez Kaplan S, Kaplan T, Sezgin GP. Evaluation of C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars of a selected patient group using cone beam computed tomography: prevalence, configuration and radicular groove types. Odontology. 2021.109(4):949-955. doi: 10.1007/s10266-021-00616-1. PMID: 34081247.
Published
2022-08-31
How to Cite
PEÑA-BENGOA, Fernando; CONTRERAS-SAN MARTÍN, Juan; MELÉNDEZ-ROJAS, Patricio.
Prevalence and C-shaped root canal configuration in lower molars in the metropolitan region, Chile..
Journal of Oral Research, [S.l.], v. 11, n. 4, p. 1-10, aug. 2022.
ISSN 0719-2479.
Available at: <https://www.joralres.com/index.php/JOralRes/article/view/joralres.2022.046>. Date accessed: 28 sep. 2023.
doi: https://doi.org/10.17126/joralres.2022.046.
Section
Articles
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