The adjunct probiotics in the periodontal treatment of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Background: Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that can promote health benefits. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of probiotics as an adjunct to periodontal therapy in patients with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Material and Methods: The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, Cochrane, Embase and Scopus databases and OpenGrey and Clinical Trials, without language or date restrictions. Studies that investigated probiotic treatment as an adjunct to periodontal therapy in patients with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes were included. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed in duplicate. A meta-analysis was conducted, reporting the mean difference (MD) and a 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results: A total of 149 references were screened, with three studies meeting inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis from two studies revealed no significant difference between individuals undergoing probiotic treatment as an adjunct to periodontal therapy and those undergoing periodontal therapy alone for probing depth (MD=0.10, CI=-0.12–0.32, I²=0%) and clinical attachment level (MD=-0.12, CI=-0.43 – 0.18, I²=0%) at 3 months. Two studies were classified as low risk of bias and one was classified as moderate risk of bias.
Conclusions: The addition of probiotics to periodontal therapy in individuals with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus did not show additional benefits compared to periodontal treatment alone.
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